During the last time we study the paleolimnological archives with archaeological sites. The first attempt to compare the results from natural and man-made environmental types of sediment sections has been made lately within the framework of paleoenvironmental studies in the Karelian Isthmus (NW Russia) when lake and peat sediments were sampled in parallel with an archaeological site (Dolukhanov et.al, 2007; Sapelko et al., 2009). Detailed reconstructions based on the pollen data collected for all the study sites were then confirmed by the results of other analyses, which, in turn, allowed us to reveal main environmental changes throughout the Holocene, and more specifically, major natural trends in the development of the vegetation cover at the regional level. Pollen records from peat sediments were found to reflect more local vegetation changes, while in the archaeological sediment sequence, indications of several periods of human impact on the surroundings were observed during the Holocene. Available pollen data from the archaeological site have therefore prevented us from misinterpretation of the vegetation changes that could otherwise have been mistakenly explained as a result of climatic fluctuations. Last time we have received new data from lakes and archaeological site (in the Leningrad region, on the Kola Peninsula and in the Karelian Isthmus too). This research was sponsored by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 10-05-00651-? and 10-05-00412-?.