The driving mechanisms of Neoglacial glacier advances at the superhumid western side of the southernmost Andes (>4000 mm annual precipitation) are not well defined because both the timing of glacier advances and their paleoclimatic framework are only poorly known. We investigated records of glacial detritus, using mineralogical and chemical variations in sediment cores related to different large glacier catchments (1600, 200 and 12 km²) between 50 to 53°S. Furthermore, mapping and dating of terrestrial and subaquatic deposits of glacial sediments were used to constrain timing and extend of the advances. For the three areas we constrained a similar timing of the advances from 5.4 to 4.9 (A1), 4.1 to 3.7 (A2), 2.3 to 2.1 (A3), 1.15 to 0.85 (A4) and 0.65 to 0.05 Kyrs BP (A5). Alkenone-derived fjord SST’s (50°S) and a precipitation record from a stalagmite (53°S) from the same area were used to evaluate and to model the climatic driving mechanisms. The glacial catchments receive snow accumulation throughout the whole year, especially controlled by the intensity of the Southern Hemispheric Westerlies. Based on the alkenone SST’s, we have calculated average annual temperatures for A1-A5 and modelled the required precipitation for a reasonable positive glacier mass balance. The results indicate that A2 to A4, which occurred during relatively warm periods, were triggered by extraordinary high accumulation of 8500-12000 mm/year (water equivalent). For A1 and A5, ~1.5°C lower paleotemperatures constrain significantly less accumulation of 6000 mm/year. The modelled accumulations are highly correlated with the precipitation record from the stalagmite indicating that Neoglacial advances of the superhumid Andes are often accumulation driven. This contrast to forcing of Neoglacial glacier advances in the northern hemisphere which were especially controlled by a temperature depression (less ablation) related often to low sun activity, in particular during the Little Ice Age.