Dust aerosol is one of natural aerosols and plays an important role in the climate system. In recent years, more and more investigators began to pay attention to the climate impact of dust aerosol. However, most studies were mainly focused on modern dust aerosol. Research on the climate effect of dust aerosols in Quaternary was few. In the study, the climate effect of dust aerosol in the south of Chinese Loess Plateau over the past 60 kaB.P was studied by using the grain-size distribution and the settlement velocity of loess deposition. The radiative effect of dust aerosols was usually to result in an increasing albedo of the earth-atmosphere system that therefore leaded climate cooling. The climate effect of dust aerosols was a negative feedback. The albedo of the earth-atmospheric system increased during the warm Holocene Optimal but decreased during the last glacial period. During Heinrich cooling events, the cooling effect of dust aerosols was lower and did not reduce the air temperature of the earth system. It is possible to estimate the climate effect of dust aerosol in past by using the grain size distribution and the settlement velocity of loess-paleosol formations.